引导限制性定语从句的关系代词

    如:
    The man who / that is talking with my father is a teacher.
    正和我父亲说话的那个男人是一位教师。
    Guilin is a city which / that has a very long history.
    桂林是一座历史非常悠久的城市。
    The man (who / whom) you met just now is my father.
    你刚刚遇到的那个人是我父亲。
    Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen down.
    没有人想要这个屋顶已经坍塌的房子。
    [注意]
    (1)关系代词that既可指人也可指物,有时可与关系代词which / who / whom互换,但是当which, whom放在介词的后面作宾语时, that不能与其互换。
    (2)在从句中作宾语或表语时who与whom一般可互换,但是当紧跟在介词后面作宾语时只可用whom。whom在从句中不能作主语。
    (3)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
    (4)关系代词在从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。
    (5)whose引导定语从句时,可与“the+n.+of which / whom”及“of which / whom+the+n.”互换。
    (6)as引导定语从句,可构成“the same…as, such…as”结构。
    [温馨提示]  关系词只用that而不用which的情况:
    1.当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词以及先行词被这些词修饰时。如:
    All that can be done has been done.
    一切能做的都已经做了。
    2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。如:
    This is the largest ship that I have ever seen.
    这是我曾经见过的最大的船。
    3.当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。如:
    This is the very book that I am looking for.
    这正是我要找的那本书。
    4.当先行词中既有人又有物时。如:
    We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
    我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
    5.当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复用that。如:
    Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now?
    刚才和你握手的男孩是谁?
    6.当先行词在从句中作表语时。如:
    Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
    上海已不再是过去的那个城市了。